파이선 웹구축_장고_31_투표 기능

- 투표 기능 생성

=====================================================

1. 장고 실행

 

2. acc 앱 생성

 

3. 기본 설정 <config> > 'settings.py'

'settings.py'

=====

from pathlib import Path
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-w5^*mzpxwm@3ps0@pp^v%o0^r(+g9*a=d=6=enn0-l@x2%x4hh'
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'acc.apps.AccConfig',
]
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'acc.User'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR/"media"
MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'config.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR/'templates'],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'config.wsgi.application'
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}
 
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_TZ = True
STATIC_URL = 'static/'
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

4. 경로 설정 <config> > 'urls.py'

'urls.py'

=====

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from . import settings
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('acc/', include('acc.urls')),
] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

5. 메인 페이지 경로 설정 <acc> > 'urls.py'

- 로그인, 로그아웃 기능까지만 설정

'urls.py'

=====

from django.urls import path
from . import views
 
 
app_name='acc'
urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.index, name="index"),
    path('login/', views.ulogin, name='login'),
    path('logout/', views.ulogout, name='logout'),
]

6. 테이블 작성 <acc> > 'models.py'

'models.py'

=====

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
 
class User(AbstractUser):
    pass

7. 계정 연결 <acc> > 'admin.py'

'admin.py'

=====

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import User
 
admin.site.register(User)

>> 계정 3개 정도 생성

 

 

 

8. 메인 페이지 작성 <templates> > <acc> > 'index.html'

'index.html'

=====

<h1><b>MAIN PAGE</b></h1>
 
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
    #_ 로그인 된 상황
    <b>{{user}}</b> wellcome!!!<br><br>
    <a href="{% url 'acc:logout' %}"><button>Logout</button></a>
 
{% else %}
    #_ 로그인 전 상황
    <a href="{% url 'acc:login' %}"><button>Login</button></a>

9. 로그인, 로그아웃 기능 생성 <acc> > 'views.py'

'views.py'

=====

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import check_password
 
def ulogin(request):
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect('index')
    if request.method=="POST":
        un = request.POST.get('uname')
        up = request.POST.get('upass')
        u = authenticate(username=un, password=up)
        if u:
            #_ 로그인 됐을 때
            login(request,u)
            return redirect('index')
        else:
            pass
    return render(request, 'acc/login.html')
 
def ulogout(request):
    logout(request)
    return redirect('index')
 
def index(request):
    return render(request, 'acc/index.html')

10. 로그인 페이지 작성 <templates> > <acc> > 'login.html'

'login.html'

=====

<h1><b>LOGIN PAGE</b></h1>
 
<form method='post'>
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type='text' name='uname' placeholder="Input ID"><br><br>
    <input type='password' name='upass' placeholder='Input Password'><br><br>
    <button>Login</button>
    <a href="{% url 'acc:index' %}"><button>Cancle</button></a>
</form>

 

=====================================================

 

 

11. 투표 앱 생성

 

12. 경로 설정 <config> > 'urls.py'

'urls.py'

=====

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from django.conf.urls.static import static
#_ 밑줄 표시될 경우, 인터프리터 수정(mysite > script)
from . import settings
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('acc/', include('acc.urls')),
    path('vote/', include('vote.urls')),
] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

13. 경로 설정 <vote> > 'urls.py'

'urls.py'

=====

from django.urls import path
from . import views
 
app_name='vote'
urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.index, name="index"),
]
 

14. <templates> > <vote> > 'index.html'

'index.html'

=====

<h1><b>MAIN PAGE</b></h1>
 
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
    <b>{{user}}</b> wellcome!!!<br><br>
    <a href="{% url 'vote:index' %}"><button>Vote</button></a>
    <a href="{% url 'acc:index' %}"><button>Main</button></a>
    <a href="{% url 'acc:logout' %}"><button>Logout</button></a>
 
{% else %}
    <a href="{% url 'acc:login' %}"><button>Login</button></a>
 
{% endif %}

15. 테이블 생성 <vote> > 'models.py'

'models.py'

=====

from django.db import models
from acc.models import User
#_ 작성자를 가져옴
 
class Topic(models.Model):
    #_ 토픽과 내용은 1:N관계이므로 테이블 분리
    subject = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    maker = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #_ ForeignKey(User)
    content = models.TextField()
    voter = models.ManyToManyField(User, blank=True)
    #_ ManyToManyField (set, 지시자)
    #_ voter = User 테이블의 레코드들
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.subject
 
 
class Choice(models.Model):
    #_ 보기 테이블
    top = models.ForeignKey(Topic, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    num = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.top}_{self.name}"

16. 테이블 앱 기본 설정 <config> > 'settings.py'

'settings.py'

=====

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'acc.apps.AccConfig',
    'vote.apps.VoteConfig',
]

 

>> migrate 안됨

- related_name= >> in models.py

- user입장에서 정보를 알 수 없으므로 연결 고리 알려줘야 함

 

최종 'models.py'

=====

from django.db import models
from acc.models import User
#_ 작성자를 가져옴
 
class Topic(models.Model):
    #_ 토픽과 내용은 1:N관계이므로 테이블 분리
    subject = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    maker = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE,related_name='maker')
    #_ 추가
    #_ ForeignKey(User)
    content = models.TextField()
    voter = models.ManyToManyField(User, blank=True, related_name='voter')
    #_ ManyToManyField (set, 지시자)
    #_ voter = User 테이블의 레코드들
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.subject
 
 
class Choice(models.Model):
    #_ 보기 테이블
    top = models.ForeignKey(Topic, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    num = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.top}_{self.name}"

17. 계정 연결 <config> > 'admin.py'

'admin.py'

=====

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Topic, Choice
 
admin.site.register(Topic)
admin.site.register(Choice)

>> 마이그레이션

>> topic, choice 테이블 데이터 생성

 

 

 

18. 데이터 넘겨오기 <vote> > 'views.py'

- 투표 페이지에 topic 제목 표시, 제목 클릭 시 상세페이지에 topic의 모든 필드와 choice 출력

'views.py'

=====

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Topic, Choice
 
def index(request):
    tp = Topic.objects.all()
    context = {
        'tp' : tp
    }
    return render(request, 'vote/index.html', context)

19. 페이지에 리스트 작성 <templates> > <vote> > 'index.html'

'index.html'

=====

<h1><b>VOTE PAGE</b></h1>
 
<b>{{user}}</b> Please vote now!<br><br>
<ul>
    {% for i in tp %}
        <li><a href="{% url 'vote:detail' i.id %}"><b>{{i.subject}}</b></a><br></li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
 
<a href="{% url 'acc:index' %}"><button>Main</button></a>
<a href="{% url 'acc:logout' %}"><button>Logout</button></a>

20. 투표 상세 페이지 경로 설정 <vote> > 'urls.py'

'urls.py'

=====

from django.urls import path
from . import views
 
 
app_name='vote'
urlpatterns = [
    path('index/', views.index, name="index"),
    path('detail/<vpk>', views.detail, name='detail'),
]

21. detail 함수 생성 <vote> > 'views.py'

'views.py'

=====

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Topic, Choice
 
def detail(request, vpk):
    tp = Topic.objects.get(id=vpk)
    ch = tp.choice_set.all()
    #_ 선택지 정보 넘겨오기
    context = {
        'tp' : tp,
        'cset' : ch,
    }
    return render(request, 'vote/detail.html', context)
 
def index(request):
    tp = Topic.objects.all()
    context = {
        'tp' : tp
    }
    return render(request, 'vote/index.html', context)

22. 상세페이지 작성 <templates> > <vote> > 'detail.html'

'detail.html'

=====

<h1><b>DETAIL PAGE</b></h1>
 
<b>{{tp.subject}}</b> <br><br>
Please vote now!<br><br>
 
<b>{{tp.maker}}</b> <br><br>
<textarea cols='50' rows='4' disabled>{{tp.content}}</textarea><br><br>
 
 
 
<form method='post' action="{% url 'vote:vote' t.id %}">
    #_ 인자 필요함
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for i in cset %}
        <input type='radio' name='cho' value="{{i.id}}" {% if forloop.first %}checked{% endif %}>{{i.name}}
        #_ 처음에 체크되어 있음
    {% endfor %}
 
    <button>Vote</button>
    <a href="{% url 'acc:index' %}"><button type='button'>Main</button></a>
</form>